关键词:原子光谱、光谱分析、碰撞-辐射、天体物理、等离子体诊断、发射、吸收、
Atomic transition, Astrophysics、Plasma diagnostics、原子 跃迁、电子跃迁、电离特性
一、软件介绍
SPECT3D是一款多维碰撞-辐射光谱分析模块,用于模拟实验室和天体物理等离子体的原子和辐射特性。SPECT3D一般用来对辐射-流体力学或PIC模拟结果进行后处理。SPECT3D计算LTE和non-LTE等离子体光谱特性(发射和吸收)及电离特性。在开发SPECT3D时重点让该软件容易使用,用户友好图形界面创建问题、监控模拟过程、以及查看模拟结果。SPECT3D模块包含一套1-18号元素的原子数据库,其他元素数据库可选。
二、SPECT3D主要特征
计算下列几何形状等离子体光谱和电离分布:
1-D 笛卡尔 (x)
1-D 圆柱形 (r)
1-D 球形 (r)
2-D 笛卡尔 (x-y)
2-D 圆柱形 (r-z)
3-D 笛卡尔 (x-y-z)
计算指定探测器位置辐射通量、过滤图像、单色图像、时间选通图像(time-gated images)、光谱和条纹光谱。
计算等离子体视线图像、光谱和辐射特性:
用PlasmaGen创建用户指定等离子体网格
在NETCDF或PDB/SILO格式中使用流体力学数据
一个“单元”均匀的温度和密度
计算指定光子能量的ISO表面光学厚度
包括易用的图形用户界面用于创建问题。
包括用于形象化流体代码数据的图像工具
包括用于查看结果的Spect3D Visualizer图像软件包
包括在线文件,从软件窗口直接访问“帮助”页面
计算LTE和non-LTE等离子体的原子能级布居和光谱
计算外部辐射场对布居和光谱的影响
包含非麦克斯韦电子分布的等离子体模拟
计算X射线汤姆逊散射信号
包含流体速度效应
计算等离子体/背光系统的吸收光谱和图像
背光件可以是有限尺寸
支持背光照射一个球形晶体成像系统
支持基态或随时间变化的原子速率方程求解
包括下列辐射-碰撞模拟的原子过程:
碰撞电离、复合、激发和退激
光致电离和受激复合
光致激发和受激发射
自发衰减
辐射复合
双电子复合、自电离和电子俘获
在谱线轮廓模拟中,包括多普勒、自然(例如自电离分布)、和斯塔克增宽(适合的稠密等离子体谱线形状),用户可以修改线宽参数。
利用ATBASE原子模块支持:
原子能级结构
振子强度
光致电离截面
碰撞电离截面
碰撞激发截面
原子能级能量和跃迁能量
双电子复合、自电离和电子俘获率
有需要时合并NIST原子能级能量和振子强度
稠密等离子体效应:
能级位移
简并度降低
辐射传输:
使用逃逸概率
Using the method of multiangle long characteristics
Using the method of multiangle short characteristics
与其他Prism应用程序接口:
AtomicModelBuilder是一款用户用好工具,用于创建自定义原子模型
PlasmaGen是一款等离子体格子生产工具,用于生产用户制定温度和密度分布
VisRad是一款3D视角系数代码,用于提供随频率变化入射辐射通量
PrismPLOT是一款图形工具,用于查看计算结果
*LTE = local thermodynamic equilibrium
** For prominent K-shell lines, Stark lineshapes are computed based on MERL code (L. Woltz and C.F. Hooper, Jr., Phys. Rev. A 38, 4766, 1988 and R. C. Mancini, et al, , Comp. Phys. Commun. 63, p. 314, 1991)
三、Spect3D Visualizer
Spect3D Visualizer显示SPECT3D的模拟,可以通过下面给定的Visualizer来显示结果列表。Spect3D Visualizer也提供一种与SPECT3D交互能力,允许用户显示独立视线(例如:虚拟图像平面像素)的详细数据。有这个功能,Visualizer不仅提供用户显示SPECT3D光谱和成像结果的能力,也可以获得更多影响等离子体光谱和图像特性的物理观点的能力。Spect3D Visualizer也包含卷积算法,允许用户显示包括仪器增宽效应影响结果,仪器增宽效应可以用于:光谱(频率和时间)和图像(空间和时间)。Spect3D Visualizer 在线文件可以辅助用户显示SPECT3D结果。
Spect3D Visualizer 显示
光谱:
Spectral line plots for individual simulation times
条纹光谱 (color contours vs. time and frequency)
空间集成光谱(Space-integrated spectra)
1-D空间分辨光谱 (像平面沿竖直或水平方向)
Spectra due to individual lines-of-sight
图像:
过滤图片 (采用随频率变化响应函数)
单色图片
频率集成图形(Frequency-integrated images)
光学厚度contour plots
X-射线二极管电压示踪:
展开显示独立视线:
等离子体特性(T, r)
指定频率下的具体强度
指定频率下的光学厚度
电离度
电子密度
四、PLASMAGEN 格子生成工具
PLASMAGEN是一款网格生成工具,用于SPECT3D成像和光谱分析模块一维和二维等离子体网格的创建。这款应用程序能够生成被SPECT3D读入的输出文件。与SPECT3D联合使用,PLASMAGEN允许用户模拟指定温度和密度分布的一维和二维等离子体的辐射特性。
PLASMAGEN主要特点
创建如下几何形状的等离子体网格:
1-D 笛卡尔 (x)
1-D 圆柱形 (r)
1-D 球形 (r)
2-D 笛卡尔 (x-y)
2-D 圆柱形 (r-z)
3-D 笛卡尔 (x-y-z)
采用解析表达式可以很方便地指定温度和密度分布
采用几何元素 (或物件)创建格子,例如:圆盘、长方形、壳、板
采用户友好界面创建和显示一维和二维等离子体网格及其温度和密度分布
包括在线文件
采用通用(等离子体网格)坐标系统或独立物件坐标系统创建温度和密度
五、SPECT3D用户界面
Prism软件图形用户界面容易使用和设置、允许显示大量结果。SPECT3D软件界面例子:
氩气条纹光谱. Argon spectral lineouts.
背光2D R-Z圆柱形等离子体分幅相机图片. Contour plot with lineouts
六、安装平台要求
SPECT3D采用交叉平台C++用户界面开发的,也采用OpenGL图形应用框架。使用交叉平台UI软件和OpenGL允许SPECT3D支持MS Windows, Unix, and Mac 平台。SPECT3D当前支持:
MS Windows (7, 8, XP)
Linux
Mac OSX.
SPECT3D的一个分布式计算版本(SPECT3D_MP)在Linux cluster上支持并行计算.
七、全球参考用户
国家实验室和研究所
大学用户:
企业用户:
八、参考文献、说明手册
PrismSPECT自带在线文件和快速运行案例,绝大部分面窗口有帮助按钮,可以直接跳到相关帮助页面。
SPECT3D Reports and Whitepapers
Physics algorithms in SPECT3D are the same as those used in PrismSPECT. For examples of post-processing results from radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, readers are referred to HELIOS reports and whitepapers.
Overview paper
SPECT3D - A Multi-Dimensional Collisional-Radiative Code for Generating Diagnostic Signatures Based Hydrodynamics and PIC Simulation Output
Research Papers
Crossed-Beam Energy Transfer in Direct-Drive Implosions
Investigating Inertial Confinement Fusion Target Fuel Conditions Through X-ray Spectroscopy
Hot-Spot Mix in Ignition-Scale Implosions on the NIF
Thomson Scattering Measurements of Temperature and Density in a Low-Density, Laser-Driven Magnetized Plasma
Spectroscopic Observations of Fermi-Degenerate Aluminum Compressed and Heated to Four Times Solid Density and 20 eV
Observation of K-Shell Soft X Ray Emission of Nitrogen Irradiated by XUV-Free Electron Laser FLASH at Intensities Greater than 1016 W/cm2
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Wire-Array Z-pinches at the Non-Radiative Stage
Measurement of the Ionization State and Electron Temperature of Plasma during the Ablation Stage of a Wire-Array Z Pinch Using Absorption Spectroscopy
Doppler Effects on 3-D Non-LTE Radiation Transport and Emission Spectra
Applied Spectroscopy in Pulsed Power Plasmas
Modelling, Design and Diagnostics for a Photoionised Plasma Experiment
Simulations of Fe at 156 eV with Configuration Interaction and Mixed UTA
Applied Plasma Spectroscopy: Laser-Fusion Experiments
Al 1s-2p Absorption Spectroscopy of Shock-Wave Heating and Compression in Laser-Driven Planar Foil
Experimental Investigation of Opacity Models for Stellar Interior, Inertial Fusion, and High Energy Density Plasmas
The Effects of Target Mounts in Direct-Drive Implosions on OMEGA
Implosion Dynamics and X-ray Generation in Small-Diameter Wire-Array Z Pinches
Spectrally Resolved and Rosseland and Planck Mean Opacities of Iron Plasmas at Temperatures Above 100 eV: A Systematic Study
Implosion Dynamics and K-shell X-ray Generation in Large Diameter Stainless Steel Wire Array Z Pinches With Various Nesting Configurations
Dynamics of Conical Wire Array Z-Pinch Implosions
Iron-Plasma Transmission Measurements at Temperatures Above 150 eV
Hot Dense Capsule-Implosion Cores Produced by Z-Pinch Dynamic Hohlraum Radiation
九、应用实例
二维R-Z圆柱几何形状等离子体网格生成射线图像案例(RadJet)
The Radjet sample consists of a 250 microns long aluminum pin with a radius of 100 microns surrounded by a 150 microns high titanium washer with an outer radius of 300 microns. The pin and washer form part of the inner surface of a hohlraum. Lasers produce a black body radiation source with a peak temperature of 190 eV within the hohlraum. The radiation creates a jet of aluminum which travels into the 500 microns thick polystyrene backing. The hydrodynamics was simulated using the ALEGRA code.
掺氩胶囊内爆:An example of generating high-resolution spectra and images from a plasma grid with 1-D spherical geometry. The conditions are relevant to ICF implosion experiments.
The target consists of a Deuterium filled capsule which contains 0.1% Argon. Ar emission K-shell spectra and images are computed at the time of implosion stagnation. The conditions are relevant to ICF implosion experiments performed at LLE and Sandia.
Al K壳层吸收光谱: An example of K-shell absorption spectroscopy for a radiatively heated Al planar foil.
The sample consists of a radiatively heated backlit Al foil sandwiched between plastic layers. The conditions are representative of the experimental setup in T.S. Perry, et al (PRL V67, No 27, p.3784, 1991).
X射线散射:An example of a typical application of x-ray Thomson scattering to probe plasm conditions. The parameters are representative of an ongoing experimental investigation at Sandia National Labs
In this sample a source of x-ray photons is located 0.6 mm away from a cold cylinder composed of plastic foam with a density of 0.24 g/cm^3. The height and the diameter of the cylinder are 3mm. A detector is located on the side of the cylinder and records spacially-resolved scattered spectrum. The source spectrum is based on measured emission from a laser-produced manganese plasma.